工(gong)(gong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)規格是(shi)用腰寬的(de)厘米值來(lai)表示的(de),如10號工(gong)(gong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鋼(gang)(gang),其腰寬為(wei)10cm。工(gong)(gong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)種類有(you)熱軋(ya)普通工(gong)(gong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鋼(gang)(gang)、輕型工(gong)(gong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鋼(gang)(gang)和寬平行腿工(gong)(gong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鋼(gang)(gang)(H型鋼(gang)(gang))。我國熱軋(ya)普通工(gong)(gong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)腰寬為(wei)100~630mm,表示為(wei)No.10~No.63,腿內側壁斜(xie)度為(wei)1:6。軋(ya)制工(gong)(gong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)孔(kong)型系統有(you)直軋(ya)孔(kong)型系統、斜(xie)軋(ya)孔(kong)型系統和混合孔(kong)型系統。此(ci)外,工(gong)(gong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鋼(gang)(gang)還可(ke)以采用特(te)殊軋(ya)法。
(1)直軋(ya)(ya)(ya)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)系統。直軋(ya)(ya)(ya)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)系統是指(zhi)工字鋼孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)的(de)兩個(ge)開口(kou)腿(tui)同時處于軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥軸(zhou)線的(de)同一側,腰(yao)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥軸(zhou)線平行的(de)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)系統。
其優(you)點是軋(ya)輥軸向(xiang)(xiang)力小(xiao),軸向(xiang)(xiang)竄動(dong)小(xiao),不需工作斜面(mian),孔型占用輥身長度小(xiao),在輥身長度一定的條(tiao)件下可(ke)多配孔型。
(2)斜軋孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)系統(tong)。這種孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)系統(tong)是指工字鋼(gang)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)的(de)兩個(ge)開口腿(tui)不同時(shi)處于腰部的(de)同一側,腰與(yu)水平軸線有(you)一夾角(jiao)。
(3)混(hun)合孔型(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。根據軋(ya)機和產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)特點,為充分發(fa)揮各自系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)優點,克服(fu)缺(que)點,往往采(cai)(cai)用混(hun)合孔型(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),即兩種以上系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)組合。如成品(pin)(pin)孔和成品(pin)(pin)前孔采(cai)(cai)用直(zhi)腿(tui)斜(xie)軋(ya)孔型(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),其他孔型(xing)(xing)采(cai)(cai)用彎(wan)腿(tui)斜(xie)軋(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong);或者粗(cu)軋(ya)孔采(cai)(cai)用直(zhi)軋(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),最后3~4個精軋(ya)孔采(cai)(cai)用直(zhi)腿(tui)斜(xie)扎孔等。
(4)特(te)殊軋(ya)法。由于某種原因采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)通常(chang)的軋(ya)制方法難以軋(ya)出要(yao)求(qiu)的工(gong)字(zi)鋼時,可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)特(te)殊軋(ya)法,充分利用(yong)不均勻變形和(he)孔型(xing)設計(ji)的技(ji)巧。例如,當鋼坯斷(duan)面較(jiao)窄而要(yao)求(qiu)軋(ya)制較(jiao)寬的工(gong)字(zi)鋼時,可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)波浪(lang)式軋(ya)法;又如當坯料較(jiao)寬而要(yao)求(qiu)軋(ya)制較(jiao)小(xiao)號工(gong)字(zi)鋼時,可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)負寬展軋(ya)制等。